Walter Rauschenbusch and social theology gospel Essay

Walter Rauschenbusch and social theology gospel - Essay Example The works of Rauschenbusch and his duties as a Protestant pastor were influenced very much by the teachings of Marx and his Communist Manifesto. They were about capital and labor and the dehumanizing condition of the ordinary working American in his time. But he worked with small congregations and he wanted to be near the common workingman. He wrote: I wanted to do hard work for God. Indeed, one of the great thoughts that came upon me was that I ought to follow Jesus Christ in my personal life, and die over again his death. I felt that every Christian ought to participate in the dying of the Lord Jesus Christ, and in that way help to redeem humanity, and it was that thought that gave my life it's fundamental direction in the doing of Christian work. (Kyle Potter) Rauschenbusch began his first long-term pastorate at the Second German Baptist Church in New York, in a poor and dangerous neighborhood called "Hell's Kitchen," on 1 June 1886. He began to evangelize first and foremost, but that his education "in individualistic conservatism" had not prepared him for the poor standards of living, lack of education and danger. Rauschenbusch then decided that industrial crises existed due to the capitalistic system under which the poor struggled, exacerbating sickness, violence, and problems presented by bad food. (Kyle Potter) He wrote in The Social Gospel the inhuman condition that he had observed. In the 90s, he said, he saw "good men go into disreputable lines of employment and respectable widows consent to live with men who would support them and their children" (Rauschenbusch). Such was the condition at the time. Morality was down, there was a lot of poverty, and the system was to some extent inclined to a particular group known as the capitalists or oligarchs, but which were called in Marx and Engel's manifesto the bourgeois, in contrast to the lower class which was the proletariat. Rauschenbusch was not concerned however of the ideology; rather, he was concerned of the Gospel in relation to the suffering of the working man. His writings, and teachings, were aimed to alleviate the plight of the workingman who was being abused and oppressed, and reduced to the lowest serf. The working conditions were worse at that time; the capitalist was only concerned of his capital while the living conditions of the working man, including his family, home, insurance were not being looked into. Rauschenbusch's view of Christianity was that its purpose was to spread a Kingdom of God, not through a fire and brimstone style of preaching but by leading a Christlike life (Wikipedia). Rauschenbusch gave a special emphasis on theology, legitimizing it in mainstream American Protestantism. There is one and major distinction between Karl Marx's communist manifesto and Walter Rauschenbusch's social Gospel theology, and that is the former disregarded the belief in God amid socialism and communism ideas, while the latter connects his theories with the suffering Christ. Rauschenbusch argues that man should relate himself to the crucified Christ. He explained that the Kingdom of God "is not a matter of getting individuals to heaven, but of transforming the life on earth into the harmony of heaven" (Wikipedia). The causes, conditions

Circuit Switching and Packet Switching Essay Example for Free

Circuit Switching and Packet Switching Essay Circuit switching, although more reliable than packet-switching because it is able to get your message across without any hiccups, is old and expensive. Circuit switching is based on having a dedicated line or session between two stations and thus, you are able to get the full message across without congestion or interruptions. An example of circuit switching hardware is PBX. In addition, with circuit switching, a path to the destination is already decided upon before the transmission starts and it only terminates once the session is complete and sends its message through. A disadvantage of circuit switching is that you are only able to use the line or transmit one session at a time because of its dedicated circuit. Another disadvantage is its cost. Packet switching is more modern and transmits voice data. Although, as compared to circuit switching, the quality may be lower because of the ability to use lines or sessions at the same time and thus, creating congestion or even data loss. With packet switching there is no circuit dedication like circuit switching. However, unlike circuit switching where the path to the destination is already decided upon before transmission, with packet switching, each packet has to find its own route to the destination. The disadvantage of packet switching is the potential for low quality transmissions and even data loss. In my opinion, these days, packet switching is more commonly used because it is used in LAN technologies or set ups. I would think that circuit switching is used for analog lines and networks, but during these days where most organizations are changing to digital and especially VoIP, packet switching would be more common.

The Underworld, Logos, and the Poetic Imagination Essay -- Essays Pape

The Underworld, Logos, and the Poetic Imagination I In the Odyssey of Homer, Odysseus travels to the underworld and meets the soul of Achilles, who bitterly comments on existence after death: O shining Odysseus, never try to console me for dying. I would rather follow the plow as thrall to another man, one with no land allotted him and not much to live on, than be a king over all the perished dead.[1] The ancient Greek interpretation of death, as expressed by Homer, portrays the Underworld as a horrible place, terrifying in its monotony and lack of meaning; and Death is something to be feared and avoided as long as possible. Poetry's representation of death has changed dramatically since Homer, especially in the hands of more modern poets like Rilke and Gregory Orr, who, in their handling of the Orpheus and Alcestis myths, treat death as desirable, even more fulfilling than life. In the earlier Greek versions of the Orpheus myth, Eurydice reacts with despair when she loses her only chance to return to the realm of the living. In the modern poetry of Rilke and Orr, however, Eurydice does not want to leave the Underworld. Indeed, returning to life is a painful and dreadful experience for her. She responds to the possibility of life with the same hesitation and fear that the Homeric heroes felt toward death. What has not changed, however, from Homer to the twentieth century is that we do not know what happens after death, and we still use poetry as a means of addressing the uncertainty of death. Poetry is our way of immortalizing and idealizing the dead, and, consequently, the poet acts as the bridge between the living and the dead. II The Iliad begins with the invocation of the Muse, or the poet en... ... her back,/ to hurt her into memory." Gregory Orr, Betrayals/Hades, Eurydice, Orpheus, in City of Salt, (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995), ll. 10-15, p. 34. [8] Martin Heidegger, "Being and Time," Basic Writings, Edited by David Farrell Krell (San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1993), 78. [9] When Heidegger speaks of the Logos with a capital "L," he is speaking of some sort of higher, transcendent truth. When he speaks of logos with a lower-case "l," he simply means "word." [10] Heidegger, "On the Essence of Truth," Basic Writings, Edited by David Farrell Krell (San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1977), 125. [11] Heidegger, Early Greek Thinkers, Translated by David Farrell Krell and Frank A. Capuzzi (San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1975), 73. [12] Rilke, Sonnets to Orpheus, I, 2, ll. 1-5, p. 229.

Counter-Intuitive Marketing

Chapter 10 gives the reader a view if direct marketing is really effective on selling products to consumer at large. Most of selling companies consider direct marketing as a â€Å"personalized† marketing; however, there is more to the tedious door-to-door selling. Factors are attributed to how the consumers buy-in to the concept that goes to the product, may it be the message it conveys or the packaging itself. Before going to the assessment of current direct marketing strategies and research designs that can be used to target the right customers, the current problems of direct marketing were enlisted.One of the problems experienced was the decline in the response rates among the consumers. This situation may lead to the next problem which is saturation to direct marketing mails. Since many companies are into direct selling, there may also be a thin delineation among these companies. This leads to the problem of having not enough innovation in the part of the marketers. With t hese problems at hand, the author routed us to the idea if the list that marketers have at hand is really the list that would patronize their products.In marketing, it is important to understand the market so you would know if your product will fit. It is easy to secure a list, but the book tells us that there is more to having that list. When marketing a certain product, it is important to understand the behavior and attitudes of the consumers. The material recommends that it pays the company who builds their own list and understands the needs of those consumers on that list. In this way, from a bigger perspective of the population, the company can identify the segment of the population that is expected to buy.However, the concept of direct marketing is not only confined to the relationship of the company to its consumers. Direct marketing can also happen to business-to-business. One computer company can sell its services to another company who would need its products. But just lik e how one company should understand its consumers, when dealing with companies as well, it would need to know what it values, what it finds important or what risks it will take. Towards the end of the chapter, it discusses methods on how one company can find effective direct marketing strategies.The process of finding the appropriate strategy is continually evolving. It is not serving the same content yet in different packaging. Changing strategy mix from time to time will help the marketer fine tune his design to effectively sell the products. It also pays in direct marketing to make itself visible, not only once to the customer. Once a direct mail is sent to the consumer twice, it will yield a higher possibility of response from the side of the consumer. Direct marketing in an essence is an experiment that molds itself to perfection.One cannot really have a perfect model to follow, but one thing sure about making it effective is to always acknowledge the side of your productâ€⠄¢s market. Indeed, it is a powerful tool once a company can get it right, but also a way of wasting resource if done otherwise. The next chapter leads the readers to a more specific perspective of marketing – building the concept for the product that will be sold to the customers. Within a product, marketers can actually think of numerous possibility or mixes on how to market it effectively.Some companies would go on for discounts, freebies and favors. However, not all these would actually work. It shows that it will be all competition driven, thus, sacrificing the actual sales that the product would have. Most of companies employ the idea of the traditional concept testing. In doing this design, it is recommended that companies should have larger sample sizes and should disclose the full description of the product. This is to ensure that they will have at least the credible response of the consumers about their selling proposition.However, this strategy is engulfed with pro blems. It fails to acknowledge that consumers may not really mean what they are saying. The customer’s promise of saying that he will buy the product may not necessarily mean that they will do the thing of buying it. Models may say that consumers will most likely buy it if there is a high self reported probability of purchase. Then again, this is still a gamble. As mentioned on the previous chapter, there is more to understanding the target market. Affective and cognitive components affect the consumer’s decision to buy the product.Affective would mean their intangible impressions or their feelings, and the latter focuses on their intellectual impressions on how the product could be of help to them. These two components have to be reconciled in order to have a clearer picture on the consumer’s willingness to buy the product. However, as mentioned, there are still numerous options under one concept. The two components cannot give the marketers a concrete answer o n what to really market on the larger scale of consumers. A methodology is herein presented to address this challenge.As proposed by Paul Green of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, the multiple trade-off analysis can address the problem on how to consolidate the factors and all other small concept under the big product design. One can also evaluate each factor independently; however the multiple trade-off analysis can also show the interaction effects between factors. Not all factors is a stand-alone, the researcher must acknowledge that one factor can actually rely on another. The end each analysis is always to come up with the best marketing decision.The chapter warns marketers that the most appealing concept may be the most expensive one. As the company proceeds with its operations, not taking into consideration the financial part can be detrimental. Thus, deciding on the best concept will speak about optimality – not only considering the dimension but always keeping in mind profitability. Evaluation thousands of options is always worth doing and balancing it with the returns would lead to a marketing success. Possible Questions to the CEO During the Interview 1.What strategy does your company employing when you market directly your products? 2. What were the success and failures of this strategy? 3. How did you understand your market base in order to cope up with the failures of the existing strategy? 4. What method did you use to know what effective marketing concept that would let your consumers avail of your product or service? 5. Do you think you method has been successful in capturing your target market? Why? BIBLIOGRAPHY Clancy, Peter C. Krieg Kevin J.. Counter-Intuitive Marketing. New York City: Free Press, 2000.

Cakewalk

The nineteenth century was brought by a great emergence of music that would change history. In the late 1980’s a change in rhythm evolved in playing piano music. Ragtime piano was introduced as a new popular way to play the piano fast and shallow. The measures were used to sixteen beats just like European counterparts although the music was said to be the â€Å"afro-American† version of the polka. In this thought the stereotype is drawn as â€Å"ragtime† being associated with African American people.Based on the beats in the music which produced a sousa style march, ragtime became the melody used to perform the cakewalk dance. In this article the description of the cake walk is â€Å"an Afro-American dance initially based on an elegant, stylized parody of southern white courtly manners†, the dance is stereotyped as being made for one group of people, and that being African Americans. The first African American composer to produce ragtime music was Tom Turp in which also brought along singers to become the voice of this musical form of ragtime.Following the sensation of this music, the cakewalk was always performed which then opened doors for other types of dances and songs later known as jazz. The article â€Å"Cake Walk, Shimmy, and the Charleston† the descriptions emphasis how dances performed by African American women brought unity among white and black audiences. Dancers were referred to as â€Å"Babylon girls† who expressed a positive way in which African American women were being recognized for their gender and race. They expressed themselves in these musical forms to show black freedom and feel a part of popular music.The stereotype made in this article was based upon the sexuality presented in the cakewalk dance by African American women. Many described them as to be â€Å"sexually frank and opinionated, to be figures of independence. † In reality the African American women were just a generation removed f rom slavery in which they had to deal with stereotypes from both from white people about their sexuality and black people about black repression for respectability. Dancing just allowed them to celebrate their freedom and express themselves freely.This era of dancing and music in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s helped bring European styled music mixed with African American rhythm to beginning the jazz era to come. The picture on the sheet music doesn’t show any negative criticism. In the imagery women and men are dressed very nicely with tall top hats and long dresses. Perhaps the women are dressed more conservative than normal women that dress in shorter dresses. The men show very wide and large lips probably indicating an African American race.